Dah lama banget rasanya ga ngebl0g….
But, it’s never mind. Okay.. hari ni pengen berbagi sedikit ilmu tentang implicature. Apa dan bagaimana ya implicature itu? yuk sama-sama kita simak definisi-definisi berikut ini…..!
truth-conditional content
v A : How did you like the guest speaker?
B : Well, I am sure he was speaking English.
What B implied or meant is that the content of speaker’s speech is very confusing, it makes B don’t understand.
v A : Where is Mr. Ashuri?
B : He is either in the canteen or in the Mr. Dedi’s room.
What B meant is that B wants not give ambiguous or false information, that the speaker does not have the evidence to give a specific location where he believes Mr. Ashuri is.
v A : Will Michel be at the meeting this afternoon?
B : Her car broke down.
What B implemented or meant is that Michel will not come to the meeting, because she got some troubles with her car, or Michel may come late to the meeting.
v A : Will you come to the John’s graduation ceremony?
B : If I were not sick, I would come there.
What B meant is that B will not come to the John’s graduation ceremony because B is sick.
v A : I would rather my brother go home now.
What A meant is that her brother doesn’t go home now.
v A : Will you go to the party?
B : If only I were healthy, I would be able to go the party.
What B meant is that B is not healthy, so B is not able to go to the party.
v A : Do you know where I can get some gas?
B : There is a gas station around the corner.
What B implemented or meant is that the gas station is open and someone can probably get the gas there.
v Mrs. Rosita acts as if she were a rich woman.
It means that she is not a rich woman.
v Even if Dona runs quickly, she won’t catch the bus.
It means that Dona will never catch the bus, because it is very fast.
v A : Can you tell me the time?
B : Well, the milk man has come.
In this short conversation, A asks time to B, but B gives answer indirectly. It indicates that B may also not know the accurate time, but B is in fact giving a rough time.
v A : Mr. Joe is really an old bag.
B : The weather has been quite delightful this summer, hasn’t it?
What be implemented, suggested, or meant is that A has said is too rude, so it means that the topic must be change.
v A : Has Mike got a girl friend?
B : He has been making a lot of trips to Malaysia lately.
What B implied or meant is that B believe that Mike may have a girl friend in Malaysia.
v A : Where is Peter?
B : The light in his office is on.
What B implied or suggested or meant is that Peter is in office.
v A : If you don’t mind, would you accompany me going to hospital?
B : Oh sure, but I have much homework today.
What B implied or suggested or meant is that he cannot accompany A to go to hospital.
v John and Bill have not met for 15 years. Now they meet in the restaurant and order their favorite food.
John: you are still old Bill.
What John implied or meant is that Bill is never change.
Conventional implicature is part of the meaning of a word or construction but not part of its truth-conditions.
Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut!
- Joe is poor but happy
Assertion: Joe is poor
The implicature is that not all of poor people are happy.
This sentence implies poverty and happiness are not compatible but in spite of this Joe is still happy. The word of “but” create implicature of sense of contrast.
- Alfie is a baby, but he is quite.
The truth is that Alfie is baby. Then, the implicature is that babies are not usually quite.
- Bill is still swimming.
Assertion: Bill is swimming
The implicature is that Bill was swimming earlier.
- John is Englishman but cowardly
Assertion: John is English and John is cowardly
The implicature is that John is being cowardly is unexpected given his being an Englishman.
- Michael is Englishman, he is, therefore, brave
Assertion: Michael is English and Michael is brave.
The implicature is that John’s being brave is a consequence his being an Englishman.
- Mike can read German. Moreover, he can write poems in this language.
Assertion: Mike can read German and Mike can write poems in this language
The Implicature is that the word “German” means a language (German Language). Therefore, besides mike can read a text in German language he is also able to write a poem in German language.
- He is a Chinese, he therefore uses chopsticks.
Assertion: He is Chinese and he uses chopsticks
The implicature: using chopsticks is Chinese habit when they were eating.
- Mary is taking Chinese cookery lessons. So her husband has bought her a wok.
Mary takes Chinese cookery lessons and her husband has bought her a wok.
Implicature: Buying a wok is the consequence for him when Mary is taking Chinese cookery lesson.
- Mr. Smith leaved his office at 06.00 pm, and Gina leaved her office late too.
Leaving office at 06.00 pm is late to leave some works in the office, because the time work for an employee is end at 05.00 pm.
- Marry manage to answer her young sister question.
Assertion: Marry answers her young sister question.
Implicature: Marry found difficulty in answering her young sister question.
- Joko is a Javanese person who has lived in America for 15 years; however he was not forgetting his native language.
Assertion: Joko has lived in America for 15 years and he was not forgetting his native language.
Implicature: Joko is still able to speak Javanese although he has been 15 years in America.
Sekian dulu ya… semoga menambah sedikit wawasan anda tentang bahasa Inggris. ^_^
